According to a study by the consultancy EY, building an EU-wide high-speed rail (HSR) network between all major and capital cities would require an investment of €550 billion. This would allow new lines to be built and existing ones to be upgraded and digitisation and automation to be promoted. The study commissioned by the Joint Undertaking for Europe's Railways (EU-Rail), the association for new entrants to the European rail market Allrail, the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies (CER), and the European Association of Rail Supply Industries Unife speaks of a tripling of the HSR network. By 2070, the network is expected to bring a net benefit to society of €750 billion.
