The Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER) has published proposals for modernising border crossing agreements in European rail transport in order to remove obstacles to cross-border operations between EU Member States and neighbouring countries. These agreements allow vehicles and train drivers to transport without full national authorisation, thereby reducing costs and administrative burdens. Despite supervision by national safety authorities (NSAs), differences in implementation remain since the Fourth Railway Package. The CER calls for transparent, standardised agreements, specific vehicle authorisations for border areas, uniform safety certificates, coordinated communication regimes and consideration of infrastructure changes. It calls on the European Commission, ERA and NSAs to ensure greater transparency, flexibility and regulatory consistency in cross-border operating agreements.